Posted by: Caster Eye Center in Uncategorized
Conjunctivitis is one of the most common and easily treatable ocular conditions affecting both adults and children. To ensure complete clearing of the condition, it is important to differentiate between allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivtis (VKC) and other diseases that may have similar symptoms.
Allergic conjunctivitis, VKC and diseases, such as uveitis and chalazia, require different treatment modalities for effective clearing. Proper treatment begins with a diagnosis made during a comprehensive eye examination. In both allergic conjunctivitis and VKC, most treatments aim to reduce symptoms, but in the case of VKC, antibiotics might be necessary to treat corneal ulcers, and cycloplegia might also be required to treat an iritis caused by the corneal ulcers. VKC can be identified during an eye examination by several hallmarks, including the presence of large conjunctival papillae on the back of the superior tarsus and areas of superficial punctate keratitis. Severe cases may also present with well-demarcated corneal shield ulcers. Chalazia and uveitis, on the other hand, are characterized by a build up of immune cells and are often effectively cleared with topical steroids.
The most common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis are itching and redness. Eyelids may also be swollen and red, and in most cases patients will report a history of allergies. Allergic conjunctivitis typically produces a watery discharge and does not involve the cornea. If a patient presents with a thick, rope-like discharge with severe itching and corneal involvement, VKC is most likely the culprit.
Patients experiencing allergic conjunctivitis may find some relief with the following treatments:
- cold compresses;
- artificial tears and other eye drops, which lubricate the ocular surface and flush away the allergens; and
- topical decongestants that cause vasoconstriction, which may also prevent the release of chemical mediators, reducing hyperemia and other symptoms.
Any eye condition that causes persistent irritation can result in more-serious complications if not treated quickly and effectively. Because allergic conjunctivitis is common, but other conditions may mimic its symptoms, a thorough eye examination is essential for a proper diagnosis.